[wakamizu]

TENNYO - CELESTIAL MAIDENS
VARIOUS JAPANESE VERSIONS
Goddesses. Includes goddesses in general, such as Benzaiten, Kariteimo, Kishijōten, and Marishiten. Some of these, like Benzaiten and Kariteimo, are worshipped independently as full-fledged divinities.



Enmusubi Tennyo 縁結の天女
The "matchmaking" Tennyo in matters of love.

Futokku Tennyo (or Futokko Tennyo) 福徳の天女
Goddess who brings good fortune.



Kudoku Tennyo 功德天女 (aka Kichijouten)
Wives of the Gandharvas (heavenly musicians). Also related to the NINYO 二女, which literally means “two sisters.” One is the deva Kudoku-Tennyo 功德天女, the sister of "merit" or “achieving," who causes people to acquire wealth; the other is Kokuan-Nyo 黑闇女, the "dark" sister who causes people to spend and waste. These sisters always accompany each other. < source for Ninyo 二女 was Soothill’s Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms >

Daihi 提鞞 (Skt. Devi)
Female celestials; female deva; female Apsaras.

Devakanya. Sanskrit term for goddesses in general; refers to female divinities; in Japan equated with the term Tennyo 天女. Other Sanskrit terms include Apsaras, devi, sura-kanya, deva-kanya, devApsaras, bhagini, maru-kanyaka, marut-snusa, sura-bandhu, and sura-vadhu.



Zōonna 増女.
A nou mask (noumen 能面, representing a young angel, goddess or enlightened woman. A cool reserve seen in the passive expression, flat cheeks, unsmiling lips, and intelligent high forehead lends this mask a stately dignity that contrasts with the open expression of Koomote 小面 (Ko-omote) and other standard young women's masks. The downcast eyes, narrow features, and horizontal brush strokes heighten the effect of other worldliness. The hairlines are drawn in the same style as Wakaonna 若女, but the lips have a darker hue. Zōonna is used by all schools for celestial women, such as the angel in HAGOROMO 羽衣 (Feather Robe), the mother goddess of the West in SEIOUBO 西王母 (Hsi Wang Mu), and the sun goddess Amaterasu 天照 in Ema 絵馬 (The Votive Tablets).

At times the severity of Zouonna's expression is deemed fit for roles of women who are really disguised demons, such as in Maple Viewing, MOMIJIGARI 紅葉狩, or Death Rock, SESSHOU SEKI 殺生石. The mask type is reputed to have been created by the talented dengaku 田楽 player Zouami 増阿弥, who was a contemporary of Zeami 世阿弥 and favored by the Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 足利義滿. Variations on the mask include "weeping zou," nakizou 泣増, with narrower eyes and more piqued features and the still more introverted Houraionna 宝来女, said to have been invented by the Muromachi period carver Hourai 宝来. Many fine examples of Zouonna exist, including several older masks at the Tokyo National Museum. Sculpturally, the standard young woman's mask of the Houshou school, Fushikizou 節木増, belongs within the zou 増 category.


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